Biography of Sally Jewell, Ex-Secretary of the Interior

Memoir of Sally Jewell, Ex-Secretary of the Interior Sally Jewell (conceived Feb. 21, 1956) filled in as the 51st U.S. secretary of the inside from 2013 until 2017. Named by President Barak Obama, Jewell was the subsequent lady to hold the situation after Gale Norton, who served under President George W. Hedge. As secretary of the Department of the Interior, Jewell knew the region she regulated nature. An energetic skier, kayaker, and explorer, Jewell was the main bureau organization head to have ascended Mount Rainier multiple times and to have scaled Mount Vinson, the most elevated mountain in Antarctica. Quick Facts: Sally Jewell Referred to For: She filled in as the 51st U.S. secretary of the inside from 2013 until 2017. Jewell won recognition for her Every Kid activity, which made each fourth-grade understudy in the country and their families qualified for a free one-year go to each U.S. national park.Also Known As: Sarah Margaret RoffeyBorn: Feb. 21, 1956 in London, EnglandParents: Anne (nã ©e Murphy) and Peter RoffeyEducation: University of Washington (B.S. in Mechanical Engineering)Awards and Honors: National Audubon Societys Rachel Carson Award, Woodrow Wilson Centers Award for Public Service, named to Sound Greenway Trusts Hall of Fame, named a 2012 Woman of Distinction from the Girl Scouts of Western Washington, University of Washington 2016 Alumni Lifetime Achievement AwardSpouse: Warren JewellNotable Quote: When you take on something like your impression on the earth, you need to state, Where am I going to draw the hover around my degree of obligation and afterward where do I accept that others wil l assume liability? Individual Life and Education Conceived Sally Roffey in England on Feb. 21, 1956, Jewell and her folks moved to the United States in 1960. She graduated in 1973 from Renton (Wash.) High School, and in 1978 she was granted a degree in mechanical building from the University of Washington. Gem is hitched to design Warren Jewell. When not in D.C. or on the other hand scaling mountains, the Jewells live in Seattle and have two developed kids. Business Experience In the wake of moving on from school, Jewell utilized her preparation as an oil engineer working for Mobile Oil Corp. in the Oklahoma and Colorado oil and gas fields. In the wake of working at Mobile, Jewell was utilized in corporate banking. For more than 20 years, she worked at Rainier Bank, Security Pacific Bank, West One Bank, and Washington Mutual. From 2000 until she took over as secretary of the inside, Jewell filled in as president and CEO of REI (Recreation Equipment, Inc.), a retailer ofâ outdoor diversion gear and administrations. During her residency, Jewell helped REI develop from a territorial outdoor supplies store to an across the country retailing venture with yearly deals of more than $2 billion. The firm is reliably recorded among the 100 best organizations to work for, as indicated by Fortune Magazine. Natural Experience Other than being an energetic outdoorswoman, Jewell served on the leading group of the National Parks Conservation Association and served to establish Washington State’s Mountains to Sound Greenway Trust. In 2009, Jewell won the National Audubon Societys lofty Rachel Carson Award for administration in and commitment to preservation. Selection and Senate Confirmation Jewell’s selection and Senate affirmation process was quick and without prominent resistance or debate. On Feb. 6, 2013, ​Jewell was named by President Obama to succeed Ken Salazar as secretary of the inside. On March 21, 2013, the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources endorsed her assignment by a 22-3 vote. On April 10, 2013, the Senate affirmed her assignment, 87-11. Residency as Secretary of the Interior Jewell’s information and valuation for the outside served her well as she dealt with the exercises of a 70,000-worker organization answerable for in excess of 260 million sections of land of open land-almost one-eighth of all land in the United States-just as the entirety of the nation’s mineral assets, national parks, government untamed life asylums, Western water assets, and the rights and interests of Native Americans. During her term, Jewell won approval for her Every Kid activity, which made each fourth-grade understudy in the country and their families qualified for a free one-year go to each U.S. national park. In 2016, her last year in office, Jewell initiated a program speeding up the issuance of licenses permitting youth associations to investigate open wildlands on overnight or multi-day trips, especially in less famous parks. During her time as inside secretary, Jewell restricted nearby and provincial bans on â€Å"fracking,† a dubious procedure where oil drillers injectâ millions of gallons of water,â sand, salts, and synthetics into shale stores or other subsurface stone arrangements at amazingly high strain to crack stone and concentrate crude fuel. Jewell said neighborhood and district bans were taking guideline of oil and gas recuperation off course. I think it’s going to be hard for industry to make sense of what the guidelines are if various areas have various standards, she said in mid 2015. Post-Government Service After her spell as inside secretary, Jewel joined the leading body of Bellevue-based extra security organization Symetra. The firm (as of February 2018) is possessed by Tokyo-based Sumitomo Life Insurance Co., however it keeps on working freely. She additionally came back to the University of Washington, where one of her errands is helping shape the future of EarthLab, another college wide establishment that looks to interface researchers with network accomplices to take care of ecological issues. â€Å"By going to the college, I’m attempting to assist understudies with seeing how you can make a future that’s both financially fruitful and earth supportable one that you are pleased to leave to future generations,† Jewell said after tolerating the position. In her job with EarthLab, Jewel is filling in as seat of its warning committee, which looks to bring issues to light about the activity in the network. Sources â€Å"Former Interior Secretary Sally Jewell Brings Leadership to UW Community, New EarthLab Initiative.†Ã‚ UW News.Long, Katherine. â€Å"Former Interior Secretary Sally Jewell Will Guide UWs New Climate Initiative.†Ã‚ The Seattle Times, The Seattle Times Company, 20 Nov. 2018â€Å"Sally Jewell Biography.†Ã‚ The Nature Conservancy.

Blog Archive Diamonds in the Rough Realize Your Start-Up Dream at Cambridge Judge

Blog Archive Diamonds in the Rough Realize Your Start-Up Dream at Cambridge Judge Benefiting from the reputation of its parent institution, the University of Cambridge’s Judge Business School has garnered acclaim as a global institution and a stronghold of entrepreneurial education. The school’s Centre for Entrepreneurial Learning (CfEL) serves as a nerve center of opportunities for students who wish to start their own business. The center also supports an entrepreneurship concentration, encompassing such courses as “Emerging Venture Opportunities,” “Entrepreneurship: How to Start a Company” and “New Venture Finance.” Beyond the curriculum, however, the CfEL provides ample resources and opportunities for aspiring entrepreneurs. For example, each week, the center hosts Enterprise Tuesday, a free lecture delivered by faculty and guest speakers. In addition to receiving mentorship opportunities with the CfEL’s extensive list of Entrepreneurs in Residence, MBA students can gain hands-on entrepreneurial experience working on ETECH projects, a program in which teams perform commercial feasibility assessments for new technologies. Another notable offering is  Enterprisers, a four-day, experiential program organized by the Cambridge-MIT Institute and designed to foster enterprising ways of thinking across all business sectors. Share ThisTweet Diamonds in the Rough

The Economic History of the Period of 1930 to 1980 Free Essay Example, 1750 words

When World War 2 started in 1939 USA had not recovered from the onslaught of the great depression of the 1930s. It was only from 1936 that the GDP of the USA started recovering gradually. Hence the role of government was not minimized. As war spread throughout Europe and Asia between 1939 and 1941, the role of the federal government's leadership was important in the realm of "preparedness" for war and fighting the war. Great importance was given for converting America's industrial base to produce armaments and another war materiel rather than civilian goods. "Conversion" was the key issue in American economic life in 1940-1942. The major automakers were made to convert to aircraft production. The shipbuilding industry that was languishing for years was made to revive to gear to the war needs. As a result of the conversion between 1941 and 1945, the U. S. exported about $32.5 billion worth of goods through Lend-Lease. War boom and a new wave of growth and prosperity began in the US. This was the result of the rail and road expansion in Northern Europe and America and the accompanying expansion in the coal and iron industries. We will write a custom essay sample on The Economic History of the Period of 1930 to 1980 or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now The boom ended approximately in 1857 when it turned into a recession. By 1946 Government had transferred payment to welfare programs to extent of $11 billion. By 1950 this has risen to $15 billion, by 1970 this has risen to $28 billion and by 1980 by $80 billion. Farmers made $20 billion in 1944 unlike the late 1930s, which had an average of only $8 billion. The war also caused a shortage of employees. This raised the annual earnings to $44 billion compared to $13 billion in 1939. At the wartime peak in July 1944, 19 million women were employed. Child labor increased over two folds. Because of these factors, the average family income rose over 25% from 1941-1945. 1941, the national income was around $95 billion dollars in 1946 the Employment Act was passed that enabled the US government to use the tool to stabilize output and employment.

Understanding and Using the Simple Present Tense

The present simple tense is typically one of the first verb tenses that new English students learn. It is used to describe action that takes place on a regular basis. The present simple also can be used to express feelings, facts, opinion, and time-based events. Dont confuse the present simple tense with the present continuous tense, which is used to describe something that is currently taking place. For example: Present simple tense: I catch the bus at 8:50 a.m. to go to work. Present continuous tense: I am riding the bus to work. Want to know more about verb tenses? Check out this illustrated verb  timeline, then use these learning strategies to improve your English skills. Practicing the Present Simple Tense One good way to improve your English speaking skills is to use role-playing exercises. With a classmate or a friend, try using the following dialogue to practice the present simple tense. Mark: Hello, Can I ask you some questions for an interview? Jennifer: Yes, I can answer some questions. Mark: Thank you for taking the time. Now, first question: What do you do? Jennifer: I work in a library. Im a librarian. Mark: Are you married? Jennifer: Yes, I am. Mark: What does your husband do? Jennifer: He works as a policeman. Mark: Do you usually have dinner together? Jennifer: Yes, we do. Mark: How often does your husband exercise? Jennifer: He sometimes exercises four times a week. But, he usually exercises only twice a week. Mark: Where do you like to go on holiday? Jennifer: We rarely go on holiday. However, we like to go to the mountains if we can. Mark: What type of books do you read? Jennifer: I often read horror stories. Mark: Thank you very much for answering my questions. Jennifer: Youre welcome! When To Use Notice from the above dialogue and following chart that the present simple is often used to describe what we do every day. We use verbs of frequency (always, sometimes, usually, etc.) which indicate a habit. Other instances that call for the present simple tense include: Permanent or long-lasting situations Where do you work? The store opens at 9 a.m. She lives in New York. Regular habits and daily routines I usually get up at 7 a.m. She doesnt often go to the cinema. When do they usually have lunch? Facts The earth revolves around the sun. What does strange mean? Water doesnt boil at 20 degrees. Feelings I love walking around late at night during the summer. She hates flying! I dont want to live in Texas. Opinions and states of mind He doesnt agree with you. I think he is a wonderful student. What do you consider your best accomplishment? Timetables and schedules The plane leaves at 4 p.m. When do courses begin this semester? The train doesnt arrive until 10.35 a.m. Verb Conjugation The present simple tense can be expressed in three ways: positive, negative, or as a question. Conjugating the positive form is easy for the first- and second-person references such as I or you. Just use the root form of the verb. For third-person references, add an s to the verb. For example: I eat lunch at noon. You play tennis at noon. He walks to school every day. She watches TV in the evening. It sleeps under the couch. We study English at school They eat lunch at noon. The negative form uses the  helping verb  do for first- and second-person references and does for the third-person. You can also express the negative form as a contraction. For example: I do not leave work early on Mondays. You don’t like to watch TV. He does not understand the question. She doesn’t ride a bike. We do not have any money. They dont leave at noon. If the present simple tense is expressed in the form of a question, use do or does, followed by the subject, and the  verb in questions. For example: Do I work in this company? Do you get up early? Do we often drive to work? Do they understand French? Does he like to watch TV? Does she believe in ghosts? Does it leave at noon?

Macbeth, By William Shakespeare Essay - 2179 Words

One of the main focal points of William Shakespeare’s epochal play, Macbeth, centers around the power and manipulation of the main character along with the greed that accompanies it. Macbeth is centralized about vigor overriding inhibitions and the conscious awareness of its characters. The power of the female character in Macbeth is feasibly one of the most intriguing aspects of the entire play. Lady Macbeth acts as the play’s catalyst that aids in Macbeth’s treacherous acts. Through the nefarious actions of Lady Macbeth, she dexterously cajoles her husband into committing unspeakable actions and hence showcases the power of the female character in William Shakespeare’s Macbeth. Lady Macbeth plays the role as a puppeteer by efficiently manipulating Macbeth in order to make him conform to her wishes. Although Macbeth is customarily the character to have the final say in the overabundance of unnecessary killings that take place, Lady Macbeth plays the role of Robin in the Batman-and-Robin-like scenario that unfolds before the reader s eyes. Acting as Batman, Macbeth makes all of the final decisions regarding the killing of King Duncan. However, the conniving and Machiavellian Robin, who, in this case, is Lady Macbeth, has the power to influence Batman’s every move. Lady Macbeth drives her husband to commit calamitous acts of violence that the normally level-headed Macbeth wouldn’t even consider. She acts as a hellion during the first few acts of the play by invariablyShow MoreRelatedMacbeth by William Shakespeare770 Words   |  3 PagesThe play Macbeth is written by William Shakespeare. It is believed to be written between 1603 and 1607 and set in eleventh century Scotland. It is also believed to be first performed in 1606. It is considered to be one of the darkest and most powerful tragedies. Macbeth, set in Scotland, dramatizes the psychological and political effects produced when evil is chosen to fulfill the ambition of power. The Tragedy of Macbeth is Shakespeare’s shortest tragedy and tells the story of Macbeth, a ScottishRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1425 Words   |  6 PagesMacbeth Just Can’t Wait To Be King Everyone has a quality that they do not like about themselves. Some people struggle to be social, others may be too controlling of people. The list goes on and on, but the point is that everybody has a particular quality that they must learn to control or else that particular quality can get out of hand. Of course, one could write a list of characters that have major flaws. There is no better example than William Shakespeare’s character, Macbeth, in The TragedyRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1409 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Fair is foul, and foul is fair: Hover through the fog and filthy air.† On October 17th, I had the pleasure of going to see Macbeth performed at the Shakespeare Tavern. Along with its reputation for being â€Å"cursed,† Macbeth is also known as one of the crown jewels of William Shakespeare’s repertoire. In my opinion, the central concept of this particular retelling of the play was the murkiness of character. Throughout the pla y, the many characters go through fierce temptation and strife, and noneRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1203 Words   |  5 PagesMacbeth is a play based on King James I, it was written by William Shakespeare, however this play isn’t a king and queen fairy tale, but it’s a play about greed and guilt, chaos and murder and three evil witches who use prophecies to influence Macbeth to do bad things, using flattery would instigate his inner ambition to become king, which in the end doesn’t lead to a very happy ending. Shakespeare’s, Macbeth, was written in the early Jacobean period. During those times, women had no power, theyRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1243 Words   |  5 PagesIn William Shakespeare’s â€Å"Macbeth†, the author portrays the main character Macbeth as a very tortured and flawed individual whose actions only serve to further unravel him. He is conflicted and power hungry, which drives him to perform evil murders and become a ruthless person. Macbeth’s moral compass is not resilient enough to withstand his wife’s manipulations and he is provoked to act on his malicious thoughts of murder. The author explores the terrible effects that ambition and guilt can haveRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare Essay1487 Words   |  6 Pagesreaction†. Macbeth by William Shakespeare is a tale which illuminates the consequences of violating the â€Å"Natural order†, the hierarchy of beings in the universe. When Macbeth, a warrior wel l-known for his courage and bravery, murders King Duncan acting on his unchecked ambition to claim the throne, the order was disrupted, the result†¦chaos. Shakespeare uses symbolism to illustrate the atmosphere of the play as the natural order is flung into a state of turmoil. These techniques used by Shakespeare is usedRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1483 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent references in the play of how a king deals with power and if they use it for better or for their own personal gain. In the play Macbeth, by William Shakespeare, Macbeth’s obsession with his journey to power leads to his failure. This obsession is demonstrated through the prophecies, the murder of his best friend Banquo, and his own demise. Macbeth demonstrates that he is incapable of mastering the power and responsibilities of being a king. This is indicated throughout the play with theRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1045 Words   |  5 PagesBlood appears in only two forms, but many times in Macbeth by William Shakespeare; between the war scene at the beginning of the play and the lifting of Macbeth’s severed being lifted by Macduff at the end. It can be said that Macbeth could have been written in blood that there is such a large amount. What is unique about blood in Macbeth is that the â€Å"imaginary blood† or the guilt that the murderer feels plays more of a role of understand and amplifying the theme of the play, that blood is guiltRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1431 Words   |  6 Pages Macbeth, though originally a valiant and prudent soldier, deteriorates into an unwise king whose rash decisions conclusively end in the atrophy of his title, power, and position. Several facto rs contribute to the downfall of Macbeth, which produce a contagion effect and ultimately end with his demise. He receives help from his â€Å"inner ambitions and external urgings† which result in his downfall (Bernad 49). The â€Å"external urgings† consist of the weird sisters who disclose his prophecies, which enlightenRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1320 Words   |  6 PagesThe oxford dictionary definition of guilt, 1, the fact of having committed a specified or implied offence or crime, 1.1, a feeling of having committed wrong or failed in obligation. In Macbeth written by William Shakespeare, Macbeth, the titular character and his wife Lady Macbeth kill the King in order to become King and Queen themselves, this came with consequences which are still relevant in society today. The guilt they felt and the relevance to sleeplessness are common topics almost four hundred

Circuit Board Corporation free essay sample

Circuit Board Corporation creates and manufactures printed circuit boards. The founder, the late Dieter Adams had started Circuit Board Corporation in 1961, were the computer industry was in its introductory stages. The company started by designing and manufacturing PCB’s for minicomputer companies. Maggie Adams which was Dieter Adams beloved wife was employed as a part time employee and secretary of the board to CEO after her husband died. Circuit Board Corporation served three segments within the computer industry market. Low-End Segment for servicing simple applications requiring one to four layer boards, Mid-Range Segment for servicing more complex applications requiring 12 to 24 layer boards, and High-End Segment for servicing the most complex applications, requiring 30 to 50 layer boards. However the 30 million dollar company it had gone from making $1. 2 million pretax in 2000 to losing $614,000 in 2001 and has been facing turmoil economically since. Problem Recognition An unfit Maggie was now the CEO and in charge of the company, experiencing vast declines in the company financials, and is obtaining difficult and mixed advice. SWOT Analysis Strengths The company has a 4 decade long standing The company is established Family owned corporation COO Ben Cashman Shed unprofitable sectors of the business and focused on midrange The company efficiently downsized to 100 employees Decreased wage and operation expenses by operating one shift Recovery efforts to get paid faster Weakness Failure to improve the company processes Reduction in bookings from 2. 5M to 1. 8M in one year and continuing General and administrative expenses were high at 10% of sales Negative effects of the company cash flow Their Inventory levels were inefficient, only half were productive CBC had no original patents Opportunity Process and fabrication technology investments Smaller competitors had exited the market Potential lucrative investment in purchasing several board designer shops to execute an upstream design process Potentials from the diversification of their portfolio in adding new customers Threats Lawsuits due to their 4 million dollar debt to suppliers with extensive overdue periods The company sales were not making any improvement The company did not have a market competitive advantage and competitors are now leading Problem Definition Due to the death of Dieter Adams, Maggie Adams had gone from being a part time employee and secretary of the board to CEO. As a new and inexperienced person as it relates to managing, Maggie may not be an effective leader. The onus is on her to decide on the forward moving direction of Circuit Boards Corporation and the best interest for the family. Maggie Adams has been drawn between the advices of COO Ben Cashman who advised Maggie to be ready for a turnaround as the market would rebound in the second quarter of 2002, and the advice of Board members Dane Lombard, Will Tatelman Don Armour, urging Maggie to get out of business. In January 2001, the high-tech industry was negatively affected by the economy, as such the printed circuit board industry had reported between 50 percent and 75 percent declines in quarterly revenue compared to the previous year causing smaller competitors to exit the market. With this occurrence, Circuit Board Corporation had gone from achieving 1. 2M pretax in 2000 to losing 614. 000 in 2001. Alternatives Option 1: Attract investors to purchase Circuit Board Corporation Pro: Allows Circuit Board Corporation to acquire smaller competitors that are exiting market. Pro: Maggie can purchase the facility and create a rental agreement with investors. Con: Family will lose business as well as employment. Option 2: Maggie can file for Bankruptcy Pro: Bankruptcy will eliminate possible lawsuits from suppliers and other debtors. Pro: Anticipate the promised market turnaround foreseen by Ben Cashman Con: Auditors can audit and realize issues with total income Maggie and family have been receiving. Option 3: Sell Circuit Board Corporation Pro: Maggie can receive a sizable offer from potential buyers, making her and her family financially wealthy. Pro: The new owners of the business can save the reputation of the company and its existence. Pro: The market show no sign of bouncing back Con: Buyers may change the businesses existence or undermanage it to extinction. Con: The market is unattractive and may cause the corporation to sell for a very low fee. Recommendation Maggie should choose the board of directors’ advice and go with option 3, which is selling the business. Maggie needs to accept that she is not competent to manage the corporation. She should sell her shares as there is a strong possibility that the corporation CBC does not survive economic downturn. The potential for rent is not worth risk. Implementation Short Term: There will be potential setback such as finalizing a sale agreement due to the fact that the market is currently unattractive. Obtain a law team and a business investment analyst agent to value and bargain for the highest possible, emphasizing the anticipated market rebound sales price they can deal for as is with liabilities included. Long Term: After the business is sold, Maggie and family will be financially secure. The business under new management and ownership can be restructured strategically to start generating profits from new investments. The corporations’ reputation will be redeemed and as such Dieter’s business vision and legacy can continue.

Was the American Use of the Atomic Bomb against Japan in 1945 the Final Act of WW2 or the Signal That the Cold War Was about to Begin

Introduction Known as one of the world’s greatest bloodbath, the World War II is also notorious for the first use of an atomic bomb as a weapon of mass destruction. As a matter of fact, restricting the amount of choices concerning the reasons that made the United States government attack Japan would be an insult to the history of the world in general and the history of the relationships between Japan and the United States in particular.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Was the American Use of the Atomic Bomb against Japan in 1945 the Final Act of WW2 or the Signal That the Cold War Was about to Begin specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, to evaluate the reasons that guided the American government in their successful attempt at mass genocide of the residents of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, one must consider not only the political implications behind the actions of the U.S. government, but also the specifics of the relationships between the two states, the influence of the U.S. and Japan in the WWII, the peculiarities of the American and especially the Japanese culture, as well as the numerous details concerning the outbreak of the Cold War.1 Despite the ace that every single piece of the existing evidence points at the fact that the United States were either intending to stress their participation I the WWII or to display their military power to the USSR, it can be assumed that the reasons behind the notorious Hiroshima and Nagasaki attack was an attempt to eliminate the slightest possibility of having the WWII going any longer, which would have necessarily appeared in Japan due to the peculiarities of the Japanese culture unless a sudden attack would have distracted them. The Use of the Atomic Bomb as the Sign of the Cold War Considering the arguments â€Å"pro†: the plausibility There is no secret that there always was an element of competition in the relationships between th e USSR and the USA2. According to what Crockatt says, the fact that the U.S. dropped the bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki to prove their economic and political world dominance is clear-cut. As Crockatt explains, the means that the U.S. chose to prove their point were predetermined by the differences in which the two states fought for their dominance. According to Crockatt, the differences in the way that the two states envisioned their concept of power defined the specifics of the approaches that the two states undertook in order to seize the power over the economic space. While the USSR preferred to adopt a more localized approach, the USA tended to encompass the opportunities provided by the entire world, and the situation with Japan was one of these opportunities. Because of the differences in the attitudes towards Japan, the bellicose one of the United States and the peaceful one of the Soviet Union, the attack of Hiroshima and Nagasaki triggered the start of the Cold War between the USA and the USSR, as Crockatt explains: â€Å"The Soviet Union remained neutral towards Japan and declared war only after the dropping of the first atomic bomb on Hiroshima on 6 August 1945.†3 Indeed, there are a number of facts that indicate the willingness of the USA to demonstrate its power to the USSR. There could not be a better moment for showing the military strength of the United States, since the Soviet union was clearly in the process of healing its wounds after taking part in one of the greatest bloodsheds in the world history; America, meanwhile, was not harmed in the twists and turns of war, since, first, the USA only entered the war in 1945, as the war ended, and, second, was separated from Europe by the Atlantic Ocean and, therefore, could not become another battlefield.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More With that being said, the USA clearly had an opportunity to defeat the Soviet Union in their chase for the world economic dominance. The fact that the USA possessed the weapon of such power of destruction meant that the U.S. became the superior state whom the USSR would not be able to compete with: â€Å"The Soviets did not have the atom bomb, but the Americans did, and that caused insecurity.†4 According to the given point of view, the mere fact that the USA showed its martial potential was enough to start the Cold War5. The above-mentioned viewpoint has all rights to exist; moreover, seeing how the tension in the relationships between the United States and the Soviet Union escalated after the given incident,6 the version of the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki as the pretext for starting the Cold war becomes especially plausible.7 It can be assumed that the USA failed to show their entire military strength in the course of the WWII, as they managed to enter the process only as the WWII was getting to an end – in contrast to the Soviet Union, which displayed its military potential to the full, and, needless to say, made a great impression on the rest of the world. Therefore, by dropping the atomic bombs on the Japanese cities, the United States technically showed that their military power was just as huge and threatening as the one of the USSR: â€Å"Sherwin demonstrates how the US decision to drop the atomic bomb on Japan frew out of the Anglo-American thinking about its use as a diplomatic tool in peacetime as well as a winning weapon in wartime.†8 Concerning the arguments â€Å"counter†: the doubt To address the hypothesis concerning the assassination of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki dwellers as an attempt to introduce the dominance of the USA into the USA–USSR relationships., it is necessary to consider the latter in detail. According to Boyle, the fight for the title of the superior nation has been lasting since both empires became powerful enough9. With all due respect to Boyleà ¢â‚¬â„¢s research, however, it must be admitted that his account of the specifics of the USSR policies leaves much to be desired in terms of accuracy. It seem that Boyle makes a typical mistake by considering each action of the U.S. government as the response towards the ones of the USSR.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Was the American Use of the Atomic Bomb against Japan in 1945 the Final Act of WW2 or the Signal That the Cold War Was about to Begin specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, Boyle’s interpretation can be easily questioned, which picks the question whether the Little Boy and the Fat Man were a response to the USSR policies. Nogee’s work, on the contrary, offers much more introspective into the way in which the Soviet Union operated. Even though Nogee’s focus is on the USSR instead of its relationships with the USA, and, moreover, on the USSR of the post-WWII period, Nogee manages to capture the specifics of the state’s policy quite well. According to Nogee, the USSR leader of the WWII era, Stalin never actually considered the United States’ demonstration of what an atomic explosion was capable of as an actual threat to the safety of Russia and the allied states.10 Moreover. Nogee makes it clear that starting a direct confrontation was more than undesirable for both states, since both the UA and the USSR were devastated after the WWII. When considering the numerous signals that showed the start of the Cold War, one has to mention that the attack of the Japanese cities as another attempt to re-state the obvious would have been rather useless.11 According to what the existing sources say, by the end of the WWII, it was clear that the Cold War was brewing and that the U.S. and the USSR were going to divide the world into their spheres of influence.12 The Use of the Atomic Bomb as the Signal of the End of the WWII The idea that the USA used atomic bomb as the means to bring the WWII to an end is another common interpretation of the incident. What speaks in favor of the hypothesis: Truman’s policy Despite the fact that at present, the interpretations of the USA assassination of the residents of Hiroshima and Nagasaki gears towards the idea that the given action can be interpreted as the attempt of the United States to declare the end of the World War II. When talking about the reasons for the United States to attack Japan, one must specify that on the given time slot, the reins of power were quickly passed over from Franklin Delano Roosevelt to Harry S. Truman, who had no other choice but to follow the track blazed by his predecessor. Meanwhile, in accordance with to the score of the Yalta Conference, the U.S. was waiting for the USSR to enter the Pacific War. In addition, a number of German cities were incinerated prior to the attacks of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in a vengeful attempt to make Germany feel the power of the Allies.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To make the matters worse, the testing of the A-bombs in the USA has just ended by that point, which must have brought Truman to the conclusion that threatening Japan by wiping Hiroshima and Nagasaki off the face of the earth would be a logical ending to the WWII. Dukes states in a very straightforward manner that the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki helped bring the victory day closer: The dropping of A-bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki on 6 and 9 August brought VJ Day more quickly than had been previously hoped and feared. There was just time for the Soviet Union to fulfil its promise of declaring war against Japan three months after VE Day.13 What speaks against it: the end of the War However, there is also enough evidence that shows the opposite to the aforementioned ideas. Indeed, the link between the fact of genocide in Hiroshima and Nagasaki and the end of the WWII can seem somewhat farfetched. Another interpretation of the hypothesis The traditional idea of seeing the USA ass assination of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki dwellers as an attempt to draw the line in the WWII can also be viewed in a different light. While it can be considered that the act of dropping atomic bombs on the cities can be interpreted as the way of showing the power and influence of the USA as the state that ended the World War II, there is also a different way of interpreting the given step. The latter, however, requires an introspective into the peculiarities of the Japanese culture. According to the existing sources, even as the outcome of a battle becomes clearly unfavorable for the Japanese, the bushido code of conduct does not allow the Japanese warriors to cease the fire and give up; on the contrary, according to the bushido principles, fighting until the last soldier falls dead is the most appropriate tactics. Therefore, it is logical to suppose that even after Hitler’s suicide, the war would have been going on as the code of bushido dictates. While the rest of the state s that the Tripartite Alliance consisted of surrendered with the leader of the Alliance having been killed, the Japanese soldiers would have been fighting until the very last of them would have fallen breathless. Therefore, the World War would have been even longer and bloodier than it was, which the rest of the world, including the USSR and the Allies, would have hardly take14n. As history shows, culture plays great role in developing and solving international conflicts. For instance, as Kegley and Wittkopf show, cultural specifics predetermine largely the economic relationships between such states as, say, USA and China.15 The same can be applied to the conflicts between the states. In the given case, the fact that the Japanese government would have not ceased their attempts at fighting the enemy so easily is brought to people’s attention. Indeed, according to bushido, the Japanese code of a warrior’s conduct, a soldier is supposed to fight till the end even when the opponent seems to be superior. Therefore, it can be assumed that, unless the USA had demoralized the Japanese, the WWII would have been continuing for quite long after the surrender of Germany. As a result, the consequences of the WWII would have been even more deplorable for the Allies, as well as for Germany, Japan and Italy. While Japan would have suffered most, the rest of the states would have also driven their economical and financial resources to an absolute zero. The U.S. and the Soviet Union: Sworn Friends or Sworn Enemies? While the two states have been maintaining moderately friendly relationship, there has always been some kind of tension between them, as if the two were constantly trying to win over the other one. Indeed, if considering the way in which the specifics of one culture is portrayed in the other state, it becomes obvious that each of the two countries have always been trying to take over the opponent. For instance, according to English, even in mass media o f each of the states, the portrayal of the other one was rather negative.16 For instance, in Russian media, the portrayal of the Capitalist USA world was far from being positive.17 The given attitude, however, had not grown into anything spectacular until the Cold War; it seemed that the two states realized that, once they clash, they might get harmed greatly; in the process. Therefore, it can hardly be considered that the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki was a deliberate attempt at starting the Cold War; the U.S. should have known that, even after the WWII, the USSR would have still be able to rebuff the attack efficiently enough18. In fact, at certain point, the development of the notorious atomic bomb was planned as a joint attempt of the USA and the USSR to enhance their influence in the world, as McCauley explains.19 The given supposition can be supported by the fact that, according to some sources, the Soviet Union was the first to come up with an idea of a hydrogen bomb.20 C onclusion: In Search for the Truth Truly, it would be wrong to believe that nowadays, more than sixty years after the WWII was ended, it is possible to reconstruct the implications behind the actions of each of the states that took part in the WWII. However, by analyzing the factors that influenced these actions, as well as learning about the position that the U.S. took in the World War, one can possibly figure out if the action of dropping atomic bombs on Japan was the sign of the triumph of the Allies or the beginning of the Cold War. While some of the sources contradict each other, it is possible to learn the truth about the notorious Hiroshima and Nagasaki attack. Even though the connection between Hiroshima, Nagasaki and the Cold War might seem rather loose, it is necessary to admit that by dropping the bomb on these Japanese cities, the United States have shown their military strength, which was very timely in the light of the beginning of the Cold War. Even though there is li ttle to no evidence showing the effect that the given action had on the U.S. reputation in the Eastern Europe, one has to admit that the Hiroshima and Nagasaki incident was rather well-timed. Indeed, considering the consequences, one has to acknowledge the fact that the U.S. has shown its military potential, therefore, making it clear to the Soviet Union that the United States were able to fend for themselves. Meanwhile, the act of brushing millions of the Japanese off the face of the Earth could be viewed as the attempt of the American government to draw the line in the WWII and make it clear that the Allies won.21 Indeed, the given action can be translated as a manifestation of the end of the WWII and the fact that fascism was finally defeated. The reasons for the American government to undertake the given measure, on the other hand, are rather obscure; since it was not Japan, but Germany who was at the helm of the Tripartite Alliance, it would have been much more logical to use G ermany as the venue of their vengeful act. The role of Japan in the WWII could not be described as the definitive one; Italy had practically similar share of influence in the Axis Pact. The choice of the location for the Little Boy and the Fat Man was sporadic, which meant that the United States was going to draw the final line in the WWII. With that being said, it is reasonable to suggest that, even though the attack of Hiroshima and Nagasaki with an atomic bomb triggered an increase in the U.S. authority, the given effect was sporadic rather than planned; by attacking Japan, the U.S. clearly intended to show that it also had its share of the triumph that the victory triggered. Considering the policy of the American government at the time, one must admit that the idea of bombing Japan as the means to threaten the government of the Soviet Union seems much like a last-minute choice, which would have been rather untypical of the U.S. government. As the existing evidence says, making J apan surrender was crucial to the outcome of the WWII mostly because of the specifics of the Japanese culture; with its specific code of honor, the residents of the latter would have not seized their actions until they had lost each of their soldier. Demoralization seemed a viable strategy to adopt, which the USA did by using an atomic bomb. 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Gaddis, JL, The Cold War, Harmondsworth, Penguin, 2007, 7. 13. Dukes, P, The superpowers. A short history, London, Routledge, 2000, p. 72. 14. Dockrill, S Advances in Cold War history (ed.), London, Palgrave, 2006, 4. 15.Kegley, C and ER Wittkopf, World politics: trend and transformation, 9th edn, Belmont, CA, Wadsworth, 2003, 3. 16. English R D, Russia and the idea of the West, New York, Columbia University Press, 2000, 6. 17. Kennedy-Pipe, C, Russia and the world, 1917-1991, London: Arnold, 1998, 5. 18. McCauley, M, Russia, America the Cold War 1949-1991, London, Longman, 1998., 9. 19. McCauley, M, The origins of the Cold War, London, Longman, 1995, 127. 20. Painter, DS, The Cold War: an international history, London, Routl edge, 2002, 41. 21. Bell, PMH, The world since 1945, London, Hodder Arnold, 2001, 3. 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